The top pattern is referred to as “Greek Key” or “Meander”. It is found in lots of Greek and Roman architecture, on flagons of wine, amphoras, and Greek pottery. As we, know the Greeks/Romans were deeply steeped in occult practices. The symbolism of “Greek Key” seems to also be steeped in occult beliefs. The bottom pattern is found on seats in the U.S. Capitol, and is a variation on Greek Key called “Enigma”. It looks curiously like this other ancient symbol. Some have said they are derived from the very occult (and mathematical) symbol called the “Tesseract”, which is an “unfolded hypercube”. (more info below the collage).

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If you’ve ever folded a piece of paper in to a cube, you are folding something 2-dimentional (the paper) up into THREE dimensions (the cube).

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The tesseract extends this idea. What if instead of starting with 2-dimensional paper, you start with 3-dimensional CUBES and “fold those up” into a “hypercube”. This is the idea that the tesseract represents. A tesseract is an unfolded hypercube.

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Here you can see this idea for multiple dimensions. Each is “folded up” into higher-dimensional space.

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The hypercube is difficult to visualize but people attempt to visualize it most commonly below:

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The Tesseract and hypercube (although common in math) seems to pop up a lot in the occult as well. In fact Salvador Dali has a famous painting called “Crucifixion” with Jesus being crucified on a Tesseract (unfolded hypercube).

Crucifixion
Check out Maimonides writings on Metatron. Wild stuff. Where the occult overlaps with mathematic it gets Gnostic REAL quick! (If you google “Maimonides Metatron” be warned: Wikipedia likes to smuggle occult stuff to its readers.) and remember this bit about the Zohar. Anyway, the “symbol” of Metatron is below.

Metatron visualization

Maimonides 'Active Intellect' Metatron
Many people think that analyzing symbols like this is a fool’s errand, but Heraldry, symbolism, and semiotics matter. They are “hints”. (Even David Bowie noticed this ;-) Intentionally using heraldry and symbolism is how many historical people (and groups) wink at each other thoughout history spanning generations.
See also: this other strange symbol hiding in plain sight in the U.S. Capitol.
Unannotated version:

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